Orders, Decorations, Medals and Militaria

A most unusual and rare O.B.E. group of five awarded to Captain W. P. ‘Cocky’ Cochrane, a ‘Special List’ officer who served under Colonel Cyril Wilson, the British Representative at the Jeddah Consulate; operating under the auspices of the Arab Bureau at Cairo, the Jeddah Consulate was a vitally important hub of the Arab revolt and without the quiet diplomacy and intelligence work of Wilson and his small team the revolt would have collapsed and the world would never have heard of “Lawrence of Arabia”

The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, O.B.E. (Military) Officer’s 1st type breast badge, silver-gilt, hallmarks for London 1919, in its Garrard & Co case of issue; British War and Victory Medals, with loose M.I.D. oak leaves (Capt. W. P. Cochrane.); Egypt, Kingdom, Order of the Nile, 4th Class breast badge, silver, silver-gilt and enamels, in its J. Lattes, Cairo case of issue; Hejaz, Kingdom, Order of El Nahda, a rare 1st type 3rd Class neck badge in silver, gold and enamels, complete with original plaited neck cord in its original case of issue, together with full-size ribbon pin bar, some minor enamel chips to the last, otherwise extremely fine and rare (5) £3,000-£4,000

O.B.E. (Military) London Gazette 3 June 1919:
‘For services rendered during the war.’

M.B.E. (Military) London Gazette 18 November 1918:
‘For distinguished service in connection with military operations in Egypt.’

M.I.D. London Gazette 17 September 1917, 7 October 1918 [Egypt], and 24 March 1919 [Mesopotamia].

Order of the Nile London Gazette 4 April 1918.

William Percy Cochrane, born in Armagh in 1878, worked as a shipping agent for the firm of Gellatly, Hankey & Co., of Khartoum, and had worked in Jeddah before the war. August 1916 found Captain ‘Cocky’ Cochrane aboard H.M.S. Fox, anchored off Jeddah, accompanied by Colonel Cyril Wilson and Captain John W. A. Young. Wilson and his two junior officers had spent over two weeks in the cramped quarters of the warship, in their shirt sleeves in the punishing damp summer heat of the Red Sea, sending and deciphering secret coded telegrams, whilst awaiting more favourable conditions that would allow them to be landed by launch at Jeddah. Wilson had been appointed the British Representative at the Jeddah Consulate and, on 15 August 1916, the three officers landed from H.M.S. Fox to take up their appointments at the Consulate.

In his memoir, A Little to the East: Experiences of an Anglo-Egyptian Official 1899-1925, Captain John W. A. Young who, arriving at Jeddah in H.M.S. Hardinge in July 1916, “reported to Colonel Wilson, whom I found together with Cochrane sitting in their shirt sleeves in sweltering heat deciphering code telegrams on board the cruiser H.M.S. Fox... it was not until a few days after our arrival that the British Consulate could be made ready for our accommodation.” A section of Sudanese policemen in due course came to the Consulate to guard them and to provide protection in the early months when the British ventured outside the town walls.

Young wrote of Jeddah, “There was something about this town which hung heavy on the soul. We all felt it... Cochrane who already knew Jeddah well as a representative of the firm Gellatly Hankey and had lived above their offices there for months at a time, was from the beginning an invaluable foundation on which to build the administration of the Agency, a rock of sound common sense and a bastion of defence against Ruhi’s inaccurate gossip.” Ruhi was a diminutive Persian Bahai, officially interpreter to Colonel Wilson and unofficially an intelligence agent run by Ronald Storrs, Oriental Secretary to the British High Commission in Cairo.

“More than once Cochrane and I [Young] were invited on board the flag ship Euryalus as the guests of the Commander in Chief, Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, and it was well worth the exposure to the midday heat in Gellatly Hankey’s somewhat smelly launch to enjoy his generous hospitality.”

Young continues [in early 1917] “we laid out a golf course... while Cochrane and I procured horses on which I used to ride out into the desert to the limit of safety, about three miles beyond the town. But at the commencement political correspondence, Consular questions (settled chiefly by Cochrane), distribution of the monthly supply of gold, assistance to Said Pasha Ali in landing equipment for his Egyptian troops, coding and de-coding cypher telegrams kept us fully occupied.”

T. E. Lawrence wrote to Young in 1921 and praised the work of the British Agency at Jeddah: “It was a jolly good improvisation and never broke down under stress. Cochrane and that Gyppy officer and old C.E. (Colonel C. E. Wilson), and Ruhi who brought us all those stories.”

The Arab revolt had unofficially begun on 5 June 1916, and Wilson, whose official title was the harmless-sounding ‘pilgrimage officer’, well knew that a disrupted Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca could deal a fatal blow to the revolt. The Turks wanted to break out of Medina and recapture Mecca and Jeddah before the pilgrimage began, at a stroke crushing the revolt. Thus, while Lawrence and other British, Arab, and French officers were blowing up the Hejaz Railway, a forgotten band of British officers at Jeddah, far from the desert campaign, carried out vitally important diplomatic and intelligence work that prevented the revolt from collapse.

This untold story is revealed by Philip Walker in his 2018 book ‘Behind the Lawrence Legend - The forgotten Few Who Shaped the Arab Revolt’. The story centres on Colonel Cyril Edward Wilson, the British Representative at the Jeddah Consulate. Wilson was a dependable officer of the old school—the antithesis of the brilliant and mercurial Lawrence. But his strong relationship with Sharif Hussein of Mecca, the leader of the revolt, drew this suspicious and controlling man back from the brink of despair, suicide, and the abandonment of the revolt. Wilson’s undervalued influence over Hussein during critical phases of the revolt was at least as important as the well-known influence of Lawrence over Emir Feisal, Hussein’s son.

Wilson’s core team included the ‘unflappable’ Cochrane whose ‘careful preparations and the neutralising of dangerous plotters gave the great event [the Hajj] a favourable wind.’ Cochrane was largely responsible for the success of the Hajj Pilgrimages of 1916, 1917 and 1918. The compelling story of Wilson and his close-knit band points to an inescapable conclusion: the Jeddah Consulate was a vitally important hub of the revolt whose influence has been considerably undervalued. The military campaign in the desert was important, but Jeddah—with its artery to Mecca and Sharif Hussein—was the beating heart of the revolt, whose irregular rhythm needed the vital interventions of Wilson and his team. Without their quiet diplomacy and intelligence work, the revolt would have collapsed and the world would never have heard of “Lawrence of Arabia”.

Cyril Wilson was the outstanding forgotten shaper and sustainer of the revolt. Near the end of Wilson’s life, General Reginald Wingate wrote to him praising his indispensable role and his “great work” in the Arab Revolt, without which, he said, it could never have succeeded. Wilson and his circle deserve to be commemorated, a century after their vital work fell through the cracks of history. It is not unreasonable to believe that Lawrence—complex and unfathomable as he was—would have acknowledged that this was so.

Captain William Cochrane’s services in these affairs were recognised by no fewer than three mentions in despatches, the award of the M.B.E. and his promotion to O.B.E. just a few months later. He resigned his commission in 1919 and went back to work for his pre-war employers, the shipping agents Gellatly, Hankey & Co. Before he went home he could be seen driving a smart car around Cairo. He married in 1925 and had two sons. Cochrane retired in the 1930s just before he was due to be appointed to the board of directors. In the Constable country of Essex, Cochrane grew fruit and vegetables in a large garden. He joined the Home Guard in the Second World War, advising his unit on strategy, training and communications. He died suddenly of a brain tumour in 1947, aged 69.

Sold with the following original documents:
i. Warrant for O.B.E.
ii. M.I.D. Certificate for Wingate’s despatch, dated 27th December 1918.
iii. Brevet documents for Order of the Nile and Order of El Nahda, together with various ‘flimsies’ forwarding same from the Arab Bureau at Cairo, October 1917 and June 1920.
iv. Telegram of congratulations from Wingate at Cairo, 23 October 1917, to Captain Cochrane at Jeddah on award of the Order of the Nile.
v. Gellatly, Hankey & Co., Khartoum, Memorandum with hand-written notice of the award of the ‘Brevet of the Nahda’: ‘We having ascertained that Captain Cochrane (A.B.A.), when being at Port Sudan, had been amongst those who were trustworthy and faithful towards our Hashimi Throne, in view of the well known services & good endeavours shown by him, have now the pleasure to confer upon him the Brevet of the NAHDA of the 3rd order, this as a reward for his services & our consideration of his faithfulness. God will well reward benefactors.’
vi. Captain Cochrane’s original ‘Rough Copy’ typscript report of the ‘Pilgrimage 1917’, signed Jeddah, 21st Novr, 1917, 7pp, and of the ‘Pilgrimage 1918’, 7pp plus summary page.
vii. Three Months in Jedda, being an 18pp typescript account ‘of a member of the Agency Staff [who] attempts to state in a few plain words some of the events which took place in Jedda during the first few months of the struggle of the “brave” Arab to drive out the “unspeakable” Turk.’ The front page is inscribed in ink ‘With Mr J. W. A. Young’s compliments to a very great friend’ and initialled ‘J.W.A.Y.’ on the final page. The author was Local Captain J. W. A. Young, seconded from the Egyptian Civil Service as an intelligence officer, an important and integral member of Wilson’s inner circle. His account describes events from the Summer of 1916 through to the Coronation, on 4 November 1916, of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, who had proclaimed himself “King of all the Arabs”. An interesting account including mention of ‘Col. Lawrence’ who ‘had started inland from Yanbo to cut the Medina railway.’

Together with a copied photographic image of Cochrane, with a scan of another taken by Lieutenant Lionel Gray, this captioned on the back ‘Capt. Cochrane golfing at JEDDA’, and a copy of Philip Walker’s ‘Behind the Lawrence Legend’.

For the recipient’s mounted group of miniature medals see Lot 302.